initial import

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arg@10ksloc.org 2006-08-04 09:35:27 +02:00
commit 7817523a68
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MIT/X Consortium License
(C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe <garbeam at gmail dot com>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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# dmenu - dynamic menu
# (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe
include config.mk
SRC = draw.c main.c util.c
OBJ = ${SRC:.c=.o}
all: options dmenu
@echo finished
options:
@echo dmenu build options:
@echo "CFLAGS = ${CFLAGS}"
@echo "LDFLAGS = ${LDFLAGS}"
@echo "CC = ${CC}"
.c.o:
@echo CC $<
@${CC} -c ${CFLAGS} $<
${OBJ}: dmenu.h config.h
config.h:
@echo creating $@ from config.default.h
@cp config.default.h $@
dmenu: ${OBJ}
@echo LD $@
@${CC} -o $@ ${OBJ} ${LDFLAGS}
clean:
@echo cleaning
@rm -f dmenu ${OBJ} dmenu-${VERSION}.tar.gz
dist: clean
@echo creating dist tarball
@mkdir -p dmenu-${VERSION}
@cp -R LICENSE Makefile README config.mk \
dmenu.1 dmenu.h ${SRC} dmenu-${VERSION}
@tar -cf dmenu-${VERSION}.tar dmenu-${VERSION}
@gzip dmenu-${VERSION}.tar
@rm -rf dmenu-${VERSION}
install: all
@echo installing executable file to ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
@mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
@cp -f dmenu ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
@chmod 755 ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/dmenu
@echo installing manual page to ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
@mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
@cp -f dmenu.1 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
@chmod 644 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/dmenu.1
uninstall:
@echo removing executable file from ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
@rm -f ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/dmenu
@echo removing manual page from ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
@rm -f ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/dmenu.1
.PHONY: all options clean dist install uninstall

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dwm - dynamic window manager
----------------------------
dwm is an extremely fast, small, and dynamic X11 window manager.
Requirements
------------
In order to build dwm you need the Xlib header files.
Installation
------------
Edit config.mk to match your local setup (dwm is installed into
the /usr/local namespace by default).
Afterwards enter the following command to build and install dwm (if
necessary as root):
make clean install
Running dwm
-----------
Add the following line to your .xinitrc to start dwm using startx:
exec dwm
In order to connect dwm to a specific display, make sure that
the DISPLAY environment variable is set correctly, e.g.:
DISPLAY=foo.bar:1 exec dwm
(This will start dwm on display :1 of the host foo.bar.)
In order to display status info in the bar, you can do something
like this in your .xinitrc:
while true
do
echo `date` `uptime | sed 's/.*://; s/,//g'`
sleep 1
done | dwm
Configuration
-------------
The configuration of dwm is done by creating a custom config.h
and (re)compiling the source code.

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/*
* (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe <garbeam at gmail dot com>
* See LICENSE file for license details.
*/
#define FONT "-*-terminus-medium-*-*-*-13-*-*-*-*-*-iso10646-*"
#define BGCOLOR "#0a2c2d"
#define FGCOLOR "#ddeeee"
#define BORDERCOLOR "#176164"

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/*
* (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe <garbeam at gmail dot com>
* See LICENSE file for license details.
*/
#define FONT "fixed"
#define BGCOLOR "#666699"
#define FGCOLOR "#eeeeee"
#define BORDERCOLOR "#9999CC"

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/*
* (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe <garbeam at gmail dot com>
* See LICENSE file for license details.
*/
#define FONT "-*-terminus-medium-*-*-*-13-*-*-*-*-*-iso10646-*"
#define BGCOLOR "#0a2c2d"
#define FGCOLOR "#ddeeee"
#define BORDERCOLOR "#176164"

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# dwm version
VERSION = 0.0
# Customize below to fit your system
# paths
PREFIX = /usr/local
MANPREFIX = ${PREFIX}/share/man
X11INC = /usr/X11R6/include
X11LIB = /usr/X11R6/lib
# includes and libs
INCS = -I/usr/lib -I${X11INC}
LIBS = -L/usr/lib -lc -L${X11LIB} -lX11
# flags
CFLAGS = -O3 ${INCS} -DVERSION=\"${VERSION}\"
LDFLAGS = ${LIBS}
#CFLAGS = -g -Wall -O2 ${INCS} -DVERSION=\"${VERSION}\"
#LDFLAGS = -g ${LIBS}
# compiler
CC = cc

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.TH DMENU 1 d-0.0
.SH NAME
dmenu \- dynamic menu
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B dmenu
.RB [ \-v ]
.RB [ \-t
.IR title ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.SS Overview
.B dmenu
is a generic, highly customizable, and efficient menu for the X Window System,
originally designed for
.BR dwm (1).
It supports arbitrary, user defined menu contents.
.SS Options
.TP
.B \-v
prints version information to stdout, then exits.
.TP
.BI \-t " title"
displays
.I title
above the menu.
.SS Usage
.B dmenu
reads a list of newline-separated items from stdin and creates a menu.
When the user selects an item or enters any text and presses Enter, his choice
is printed to stdout and
.B dmenu
terminates.
.SS Keyboard Control
.B dmenu
is completely controlled by the keyboard. The following keys are recognized:
.TP 2
Any printable character
appends the character to the text in the input field. This works as a filter:
only items containing this text will be displayed.
.TP 2
Left/Right (Control-p/Control-n)
select the previous/next item.
.TP 2
Tab (Control-i)
copy the selected item to the input field.
.TP 2
Enter (Control-j)
confirm selection and quit (print the selected item to stdout).
.TP 2
Shift-Enter (Shift-Control-j)
confirm selection and quit (print the text in the input field to stdout).
.TP 2
Escape (Control-[)
quit without selecting an item.
.TP 2
Backspace (Control-h)
remove enough characters from the input field to change its filtering effect.
.TP 2
Control-u
remove all characters from the input field.
.SS Exit codes
.B dmenu
returns
.B 0
if Enter is pressed on termination,
.B 1
if Escape is pressed.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR dwm (1)

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/*
* (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe <garbeam at gmail dot com>
* See LICENSE file for license details.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xlocale.h>
typedef struct Brush Brush;
typedef struct DC DC;
typedef struct Fnt Fnt;
struct Fnt {
XFontStruct *xfont;
XFontSet set;
int ascent;
int descent;
int height;
};
struct DC { /* draw context */
int x, y, w, h;
unsigned long bg;
unsigned long fg;
unsigned long border;
Drawable drawable;
Fnt font;
GC gc;
};
struct Brush {
GC gc;
Drawable drawable;
int x, y, w, h;
Fnt font;
unsigned long bg;
unsigned long fg;
unsigned long border;
};
/* draw.c */
extern void draw(Display *dpy, Brush *b, Bool border, const char *text);
extern void loadcolors(Display *dpy, int screen, Brush *b,
const char *bg, const char *fg, const char *bo);
extern void loadfont(Display *dpy, Fnt *font, const char *fontstr);
extern unsigned int textnw(Fnt *font, char *text, unsigned int len);
extern unsigned int textw(Fnt *font, char *text);
extern unsigned int texth(Fnt *font);
/* util.c */
extern void *emalloc(unsigned int size);
extern void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
extern void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
extern char *estrdup(const char *str);
extern void swap(void **p1, void **p2);

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/*
* (C)opyright MMIV-MMVI Anselm R. Garbe <garbeam at gmail dot com>
* See LICENSE file for license details.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "dmenu.h"
static void
drawborder(Display *dpy, Brush *b)
{
XPoint points[5];
XSetLineAttributes(dpy, b->gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
XSetForeground(dpy, b->gc, b->border);
points[0].x = b->x;
points[0].y = b->y;
points[1].x = b->w - 1;
points[1].y = 0;
points[2].x = 0;
points[2].y = b->h - 1;
points[3].x = -(b->w - 1);
points[3].y = 0;
points[4].x = 0;
points[4].y = -(b->h - 1);
XDrawLines(dpy, b->drawable, b->gc, points, 5, CoordModePrevious);
}
void
draw(Display *dpy, Brush *b, Bool border, const char *text)
{
unsigned int x, y, w, h, len;
static char buf[256];
XGCValues gcv;
XRectangle r = { b->x, b->y, b->w, b->h };
XSetForeground(dpy, b->gc, b->bg);
XFillRectangles(dpy, b->drawable, b->gc, &r, 1);
w = 0;
if(border)
drawborder(dpy, b);
if(!text)
return;
len = strlen(text);
if(len >= sizeof(buf))
len = sizeof(buf) - 1;
memcpy(buf, text, len);
buf[len] = 0;
h = b->font.ascent + b->font.descent;
y = b->y + (b->h / 2) - (h / 2) + b->font.ascent;
x = b->x + (h / 2);
/* shorten text if necessary */
while(len && (w = textnw(&b->font, buf, len)) > b->w - h)
buf[--len] = 0;
if(w > b->w)
return; /* too long */
gcv.foreground = b->fg;
gcv.background = b->bg;
if(b->font.set) {
XChangeGC(dpy, b->gc, GCForeground | GCBackground, &gcv);
XmbDrawImageString(dpy, b->drawable, b->font.set, b->gc,
x, y, buf, len);
}
else {
gcv.font = b->font.xfont->fid;
XChangeGC(dpy, b->gc, GCForeground | GCBackground | GCFont, &gcv);
XDrawImageString(dpy, b->drawable, b->gc, x, y, buf, len);
}
}
static unsigned long
xloadcolors(Display *dpy, Colormap cmap, const char *colstr)
{
XColor color;
XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color);
return color.pixel;
}
void
loadcolors(Display *dpy, int screen, Brush *b,
const char *bg, const char *fg, const char *border)
{
Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
b->bg = xloadcolors(dpy, cmap, bg);
b->fg = xloadcolors(dpy, cmap, fg);
b->border = xloadcolors(dpy, cmap, border);
}
unsigned int
textnw(Fnt *font, char *text, unsigned int len)
{
XRectangle r;
if(font->set) {
XmbTextExtents(font->set, text, len, NULL, &r);
return r.width;
}
return XTextWidth(font->xfont, text, len);
}
unsigned int
textw(Fnt *font, char *text)
{
return textnw(font, text, strlen(text));
}
unsigned int
texth(Fnt *font)
{
return font->height + 4;
}
void
loadfont(Display *dpy, Fnt *font, const char *fontstr)
{
char **missing, *def;
int n;
missing = NULL;
def = "?";
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
if(font->set)
XFreeFontSet(dpy, font->set);
font->set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
if(missing) {
while(n--)
fprintf(stderr, "missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
XFreeStringList(missing);
if(font->set) {
XFreeFontSet(dpy, font->set);
font->set = NULL;
}
}
if(font->set) {
XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
XFontStruct **xfonts;
char **font_names;
unsigned int i;
font->ascent = font->descent = 0;
font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(font->set);
n = XFontsOfFontSet(font->set, &xfonts, &font_names);
for(i = 0, font->ascent = 0, font->descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(font->ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
font->ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
if(font->descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
font->descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
xfonts++;
}
}
else {
if(font->xfont)
XFreeFont(dpy, font->xfont);
font->xfont = NULL;
font->xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr);
if (!font->xfont)
font->xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed");
if (!font->xfont)
eprint("error, cannot load 'fixed' font\n");
font->ascent = font->xfont->ascent;
font->descent = font->xfont->descent;
}
font->height = font->ascent + font->descent;
}

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/*
* (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe <garbeam at gmail dot com>
* (C)opyright MMVI Sander van Dijk <a dot h dot vandijk at gmail dot com>
* See LICENSE file for license details.
*/
#include "dmenu.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
#include <X11/keysym.h>
typedef struct Item Item;
struct Item {
Item *next; /* traverses all items */
Item *left, *right; /* traverses items matching current search pattern */
char *text;
};
static Display *dpy;
static Window root;
static Window win;
static Bool done = False;
static Item *allitem = NULL; /* first of all items */
static Item *item = NULL; /* first of pattern matching items */
static Item *sel = NULL;
static Item *nextoff = NULL;
static Item *prevoff = NULL;
static Item *curroff = NULL;
static int screen, mx, my, mw, mh;
static char *title = NULL;
static char text[4096];
static int ret = 0;
static int nitem = 0;
static unsigned int cmdw = 0;
static unsigned int tw = 0;
static unsigned int cw = 0;
static const int seek = 30; /* 30px */
static Brush brush = {0};
static void draw_menu();
static void kpress(XKeyEvent * e);
static char version[] = "dmenu - " VERSION ", (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe\n";
static void
update_offsets()
{
unsigned int tw, w = cmdw + 2 * seek;
if(!curroff)
return;
for(nextoff = curroff; nextoff; nextoff=nextoff->right) {
tw = textw(&brush.font, nextoff->text);
if(tw > mw / 3)
tw = mw / 3;
w += tw + brush.font.height;
if(w > mw)
break;
}
w = cmdw + 2 * seek;
for(prevoff = curroff; prevoff && prevoff->left; prevoff=prevoff->left) {
tw = textw(&brush.font, prevoff->left->text);
if(tw > mw / 3)
tw = mw / 3;
w += tw + brush.font.height;
if(w > mw)
break;
}
}
static void
update_items(char *pattern)
{
unsigned int plen = strlen(pattern);
Item *i, *j;
if(!pattern)
return;
if(!title || *pattern)
cmdw = cw;
else
cmdw = tw;
item = j = NULL;
nitem = 0;
for(i = allitem; i; i=i->next)
if(!plen || !strncmp(pattern, i->text, plen)) {
if(!j)
item = i;
else
j->right = i;
i->left = j;
i->right = NULL;
j = i;
nitem++;
}
for(i = allitem; i; i=i->next)
if(plen && strncmp(pattern, i->text, plen)
&& strstr(i->text, pattern)) {
if(!j)
item = i;
else
j->right = i;
i->left = j;
i->right = NULL;
j = i;
nitem++;
}
curroff = prevoff = nextoff = sel = item;
update_offsets();
}
/* creates brush structs for brush mode drawing */
static void
draw_menu()
{
Item *i;
brush.x = 0;
brush.y = 0;
brush.w = mw;
brush.h = mh;
draw(dpy, &brush, False, 0);
/* print command */
if(!title || text[0]) {
cmdw = cw;
if(cmdw && item)
brush.w = cmdw;
draw(dpy, &brush, False, text);
}
else {
cmdw = tw;
brush.w = cmdw;
draw(dpy, &brush, False, title);
}
brush.x += brush.w;
if(curroff) {
brush.w = seek;
draw(dpy, &brush, False, (curroff && curroff->left) ? "<" : 0);
brush.x += brush.w;
/* determine maximum items */
for(i = curroff; i != nextoff; i=i->right) {
brush.border = False;
brush.w = textw(&brush.font, i->text);
if(brush.w > mw / 3)
brush.w = mw / 3;
brush.w += brush.font.height;
if(sel == i) {
swap((void **)&brush.fg, (void **)&brush.bg);
draw(dpy, &brush, True, i->text);
swap((void **)&brush.fg, (void **)&brush.bg);
}
else
draw(dpy, &brush, False, i->text);
brush.x += brush.w;
}
brush.x = mw - seek;
brush.w = seek;
draw(dpy, &brush, False, nextoff ? ">" : 0);
}
XCopyArea(dpy, brush.drawable, win, brush.gc, 0, 0, mw, mh, 0, 0);
XFlush(dpy);
}
static void
kpress(XKeyEvent * e)
{
KeySym ksym;
char buf[32];
int num, prev_nitem;
unsigned int i, len = strlen(text);
buf[0] = 0;
num = XLookupString(e, buf, sizeof(buf), &ksym, 0);
if(IsFunctionKey(ksym) || IsKeypadKey(ksym)
|| IsMiscFunctionKey(ksym) || IsPFKey(ksym)
|| IsPrivateKeypadKey(ksym))
return;
/* first check if a control mask is omitted */
if(e->state & ControlMask) {
switch (ksym) {
default: /* ignore other control sequences */
return;
break;
case XK_h:
ksym = XK_BackSpace;
break;
case XK_U:
case XK_u:
text[0] = 0;
update_items(text);
draw_menu();
return;
break;
case XK_bracketleft:
ksym = XK_Escape;
break;
}
}
switch(ksym) {
case XK_Left:
if(!(sel && sel->left))
return;
sel=sel->left;
if(sel->right == curroff) {
curroff = prevoff;
update_offsets();
}
break;
case XK_Tab:
if(!sel)
return;
strncpy(text, sel->text, sizeof(text));
update_items(text);
break;
case XK_Right:
if(!(sel && sel->right))
return;
sel=sel->right;
if(sel == nextoff) {
curroff = nextoff;
update_offsets();
}
break;
case XK_Return:
if(e->state & ShiftMask) {
if(text)
fprintf(stdout, "%s", text);
}
else if(sel)
fprintf(stdout, "%s", sel->text);
else if(text)
fprintf(stdout, "%s", text);
fflush(stdout);
done = True;
break;
case XK_Escape:
ret = 1;
done = True;
break;
case XK_BackSpace:
if((i = len)) {
prev_nitem = nitem;
do {
text[--i] = 0;
update_items(text);
} while(i && nitem && prev_nitem == nitem);
update_items(text);
}
break;
default:
if(num && !iscntrl((int) buf[0])) {
buf[num] = 0;
if(len > 0)
strncat(text, buf, sizeof(text));
else
strncpy(text, buf, sizeof(text));
update_items(text);
}
}
draw_menu();
}
static char *
read_allitems()
{
static char *maxname = NULL;
char *p, buf[1024];
unsigned int len = 0, max = 0;
Item *i, *new;
i = 0;
while(fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)) {
len = strlen(buf);
if (buf[len - 1] == '\n')
buf[len - 1] = 0;
p = estrdup(buf);
if(max < len) {
maxname = p;
max = len;
}
new = emalloc(sizeof(Item));
new->next = new->left = new->right = NULL;
new->text = p;
if(!i)
allitem = new;
else
i->next = new;
i = new;
}
return maxname;
}
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;
XSetWindowAttributes wa;
char *maxname;
XEvent ev;
/* command line args */
for(i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
if (argv[i][0] == '-')
switch (argv[i][1]) {
case 'v':
fprintf(stdout, "%s", version);
exit(0);
break;
case 't':
if(++i < argc) {
title = argv[i];
break;
}
default:
eprint("usage: dmenu [-v] [-t <title>]\n");
break;
}
else
eprint("usage: dmenu [-v] [-t <title>]\n");
}
dpy = XOpenDisplay(0);
if(!dpy)
eprint("dmenu: cannot open dpy\n");
screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
maxname = read_allitems();
/* grab as early as possible, but after reading all items!!! */
while(XGrabKeyboard(dpy, root, True, GrabModeAsync,
GrabModeAsync, CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
usleep(1000);
/* style */
loadcolors(dpy, screen, &brush, BGCOLOR, FGCOLOR, BORDERCOLOR);
loadfont(dpy, &brush.font, FONT);
wa.override_redirect = 1;
wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
wa.event_mask = ExposureMask | ButtonPressMask | KeyPressMask;
mx = my = 0;
mw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
mh = texth(&brush.font);
win = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, mx, my, mw, mh, 0,
DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent,
DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
XDefineCursor(dpy, win, XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_xterm));
XFlush(dpy);
/* pixmap */
brush.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
brush.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, win, mw, mh,
DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
XFlush(dpy);
if(maxname)
cw = textw(&brush.font, maxname) + brush.font.height;
if(cw > mw / 3)
cw = mw / 3;
if(title) {
tw = textw(&brush.font, title) + brush.font.height;
if(tw > mw / 3)
tw = mw / 3;
}
cmdw = title ? tw : cw;
text[0] = 0;
update_items(text);
XMapRaised(dpy, win);
draw_menu();
XFlush(dpy);
/* main event loop */
while(!done && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
switch (ev.type) {
case KeyPress:
kpress(&ev.xkey);
break;
case Expose:
if(ev.xexpose.count == 0)
draw_menu();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
XUngrabKeyboard(dpy, CurrentTime);
XFreePixmap(dpy, brush.drawable);
XFreeGC(dpy, brush.gc);
XDestroyWindow(dpy, win);
XCloseDisplay(dpy);
return ret;
}

68
util.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
/*
* (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe <garbeam at gmail dot com>
* See LICENSE file for license details.
*/
#include "dmenu.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
/* static */
static void
bad_malloc(unsigned int size)
{
eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
}
/* extern */
void *
emalloc(unsigned int size)
{
void *res = malloc(size);
if(!res)
bad_malloc(size);
return res;
}
void *
emallocz(unsigned int size)
{
void *res = calloc(1, size);
if(!res)
bad_malloc(size);
return res;
}
void
eprint(const char *errstr, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, errstr);
vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
va_end(ap);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
char *
estrdup(const char *str)
{
void *res = strdup(str);
if(!res)
bad_malloc(strlen(str));
return res;
}
void
swap(void **p1, void **p2)
{
void *tmp = *p1;
*p1 = *p2;
*p2 = tmp;
}